“One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest” by Ken Kesey Essay

From the beginning of time, the battle of ladies to pick up and continue power in the public eye has demonstrated to be troublesome, and has coincided with a competition against the other gender. Ladies have been denied numerous over the span of history. They have been victimized, lost positions, lost benefits. Women’s testimonial had not created in the United States until the Nineteenth Amendment, which got powerful so as to permit the democratic by ladies broadly in the Presidential appointment of August 18, 1920. Cliché perspectives on the perfect highlights of ladies are womanliness, maternity, culture, care, sustain, and reliance. Not matriarchy, autonomy, nor quality. Ladies are not by and large connected with these attributes, and society by and large anticipates that ladies should gangs the accepted female qualities. This isn't the situation in the novel One Flew Over the Cuckoos Nest, in which Ken Kesey shows a lady can hold an overwhelming, incredible job in the public arena and be in opposition to the cliché lady figure to delineate the legitimacy of the society’s sees about ladies and their jobs utilizing the disappointment of the matriarchal female character to prevail at her job expected by her occupation. The matriarchal female, Mildred Big Nurse Ratched, deals with her domain in the psychological medical clinic, yet neglects to satisfy her obligations as an attendant of recuperating or helping her patients. The misogynist portrayal of her physical appearance gave by her patients are those commonly connected with ladies, be that as it may, she totally repudiates the average female. She is a matriarchal figure, not maternal. She is amazing, not reliant. What's more, she controls total control over the staff and patients of the emergency clinic. Notwithstanding, her matriarchy doesn't satisfy her obligations expected by her occupation; to mend and help the patients. Rather, she compounds the circumstance by decreasing their qualities and uncovering their shortcomings; which she never really control in a way which requests to her detects. Large Nurse, or Mildred Ratched, endeavors, and succeeds, to make her own reality inside the limits of the ward; one where she is totally accountable for every one of her subjects. This portrays her solid matriarchal job. Her longing to deal with her condition utilizes a few strategical moves. After persuading her patients to admit their own privileged insights, Ratched is comprehended by the patients to utilize the detriments of her patients for her own potential benefit in her achievement of increasing outright force. Medical attendant Ratched can â€Å"smell out† the dread of her patients and â€Å"put it to use† (17) As the novel advances, we likewise discover that Ratched’s powers inside the ward reach out to silly measures as she can arrange hurting of the generally troublesome patients, which adds to her broad measure of intensity withing the ward. In various significant scenes, we get familiar with the degree of her capacity to forestall dangerous auton omy: she can, notwithstanding all the little crafts of goading the blameworthy openings of her â€Å"patients'† souls, request electric stun, even lobotomize the unmanageable or just problematic patient. (Boardman ) She accomplishes authority over the ward, as her patients, mindful of her capacity, obey energetically or reluctantly. Macintosh, a patient at the medical clinic, vows to bug the attendant â€Å"till she falls to pieces at those perfect little seams† (12). In any case, he discovers that he can be organized as long as the attendant sees fit. He promptly gets cagey, fulfilling, briefly in any event (Boardman)Nurse Ratched can set up unlimited authority in the ward, and her patients perceive her capacity keep up all out control; a sort of control that is corresponding to a government. In her own domain, Ratched is seen as an influential individual, and the patients begin to submit to her standards. Harding, a patient, clarifies, â€Å"‘We are survivors of a matriarchy here, old buddy, and the specialist is similarly as vulnerable against it as we are'† (54). This sentence is surprisingly huge. It certifies the medical attendant as a predominant character in the emergency clinic, and it likewise builds up the possibility that the patients are not by any means the only ones constrained by her, yet the specialists also. On occasion, Ratched alludes to the sexuality of the men in the organization, making them second rate in view of their failures. Ratched’s quality, and matriarchial character as a lady straightforwardly negate the accepted attributes related with ladies; those of womanliness and refinement. This logical inconsistency is set up in a manner numerous by pundits that take a gander at the outside of the theme as a chauvinist portrayal. In numerous events all through the movement of the novel, Ratched’s female attributes are exaggeratively depicted by the patients, for example, McMurphy. McMurphy portrays Ratched as having too red lipstick and the tooâ big boobs. (43) and as an a bitch and a vulture and a ballcutter. Thusly, Ratched legitimately restricts the customary delicate perspective on ladies as a matron yet is given over-misrepresented female attributes. Kesey’s reason in making this differentiation between a cliché lady and a perfect lady that is autonomous and solid is to set up the ineffective endeavor at triumph of the perfect resilient lady. The fruitless endeavors of Ratched are portrayed by her inability to meet the expected job of being a medical caretaker that comprises of aiding and mending her patients. Rather than aiding, Ratched continues to make the state and circumstance of her patients more awful and more terrible as she puts them down about their ineptitudes and keeps up complete authority over them. Ratched is even seen as malevolent. McMurphy clarifies, No, that nurture ain’t some kinda beast chicken, pal, what she is a ball-shaper. I’ve seen a thousand of ’em, old and youthful, people. Seen ’em everywhere throughout the nation and in the homesâ€people who attempt to make you powerless with the goal that they can get you to fall in line, to keep their principles, to live like they need you to. †¦ If you’re facing a person who needs to win by making you more vulnerable as opposed to making himself more grounded, at that point watch for his knee, he’s going to go for your vitals. What's more, that’s what that old scavanger is doing. (58) McMurphy additionally alludes to Ratched as secure and this separates her from the normal perspective on a female and the clichã ©d mother/prostitute polarity (Quinn) is built up in the novel. There is an equivocalness that emerges over the span of the novel, and the set up division examined by Quinn is extended with a correlation of the two sections; the matron and the prostitute. While Ratched utilizes force and control to achieve her job of care and comes up short, the two prostitutes presented by McMurphy gain the trust and compassion of the peruser. They are seen decidedly and as kind hearted by the patients in the establishment. A great examination catches the impression of the two figures; Strong ladies are insidious and undermining (Quinn) and The ladies saw emphatically in the novel are the sort hearted prostitutes whom Mac acquaints with the men and the thoughtful and extremely little Japanese medical attendant who takes a shot at the Disturbed ward. (Quinn) Through this immediate examination of the tough lady that is separated from a run of the mill figure and the cliché lady that entertainers an actâ directly connected with ladies, one can see that the commonplace lady can do what the other can't; gain the friendship of the male. While Ratched shrouds her female qualities by wearing a white coat, the prostitutes show their female characteristics, and addition a positive view from the general public comprised of the clinic. McMurphy’s earlier remark of Ratched being invulnerable is connected to this correlation, since sexuality is a characteristic evidently missing from Ratched. Ken Kesey delineates the disappointment of a non-average female figure to achieve her objectives as a ruling incredible figure by depicting Ratched as malevolent, and contrasting her with prostitutes, who are seen as kind hearted. This disobedient correlation is remarkable since ordinarily prostitutes are seen as a harmful piece of society and medical attendants are seen as limbo. As a direct inverse, the prostitutes can help revise the sentiments of the patients, though Nurse Ratched bombs pitiably to achieve her obligation and even intensifies the circumstance of her patients. Through the improvement of the female characters in the novel One Flew Over the Cuckoos Nest, Kesey can persuade the peruser that the cliché lady can effectively support society, while the irregular matriarchal female can't satisfy her obligations by picking up control and practicing mastery. Works Cited (MLA Format)Boardman, Michael M. â€Å"One Flew over the Cuckoo’s Nest: Rhetoric and Vision.† Journal of Narrative Technique 9. No. 3. Fall 1979.: 171-83. Rpt. in Contemporary Literary Criticism. Quinn, Laura. Moby Dick versus Enormous Nurse: A Feminist Defense of a Misogynist Text: One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest. Blue-penciled Books: Critical Viewpoints. Ed. Nicholas J. Karolides. Lee Burress. John M. Kean. Scarecrow Press, 1993: 398-413. Rpt. in Novels for Students. Vol. 2. Zubizarreta, John. â€Å"The Disparity of Point of View in One Flew over the Cuckoo’s Nest.† Literature/Film Quarterly 22. No 1. 1994: 62-9. Rpt. in Contemporary Literary Criticism.

Social Studies Portfolio Entry 1 Draft 1 Free Essays

Social Studies Portfolio Entry 1 Draft 1 Independence of Singapore Introduction This portfolio section is about the autonomy of Singapore. I picked this point as I will find out about it in Primary 5, comparable to Social Studies. The freedom of Singapore drove us to full self-government. We will compose a custom paper test on Social Studies Portfolio Entry 1 Draft 1 or on the other hand any comparable subject just for you Request Now We had little assets, yet the assurance and determination to endure. What Happened Before Independence After the war, the British were not, at this point seen as able pioneers of Singapore, as they had neglected to shield her from the Japanese. The British conceded Singapore self-government in 1959, and the PAP won during the general races, making Lee Kuan Yew the principal Prime Minister. Singapore and Malaya converged with Sabah and Sarawak to make the Federation of Malaysia. Notwithstanding, Singapore isolated from Malaysia due to the racial and strict pressures between the two nations. Lee Kuan Yew expected that there would not be sufficient assets for Singapore to endure. How the Government administered Singapore after Independence The administration attempted to have harsher disciplines for wrongdoings, so that there would not be numerous lawbreakers and Singapore would be more liberated of debasement. Lee Kuan Yew developed Singapore’s economy by making training mandatory and expanding business openings. He likewise gave all the more lodging to residents. How others felt about the Independence of Singapore At the hour of freedom, residents and even the decision gathering of Singapore felt troubled about what's to come. With no regular assets, many felt that she would not have the option to make due without the assistance of different nations. My emotions towards the Independence of Singapore I feel the constrained autonomy was a surprisingly beneficial development. With astute advances, dynamic interest and assurance, Singapore has become a flourishing nation. On the off chance that there had been no unexpected division from Malaysia, Singapore probably won't be what it is today. Taking everything into account, Singapore’s autonomy permitted her to be fruitful. In the event that Singapore had been a piece of Malaysia rather and chose to get free at a later stage, she would need to invest more energy adjusting and most likely would not be as cutting edge as she is currently. Step by step instructions to refer to Social Studies Portfolio Entry 1 Draft 1, Essay models

First-Year Residency Requirements for College

First-Year Residency Requirements for College At numerous schools and colleges, you should live in the home lobbies for your first year or two of school. A couple of schools require grounds residency for every one of the four years. Regardless of whether your school permits understudies to live off grounds, think about the advantages and disadvantages of living nearby before settling on a ultimate conclusion. Why Youre Required to Live on Campus Your First Year of College Understudies are destined to remain at a school when they have an inclination that they have a place. This feeling of having a place directly affects a universities standard for dependability and graduation rate. At the point when new understudies live off grounds, they are less inclined to engage in grounds clubs and exercises and will make some harder memories making companions among individual students.When an understudy lives nearby, the school has a simpler time assisting should that understudy experience inconvenience on the scholastic or social front. Occupant Advisors (RAs) and Resident Directors (RDs) are prepared to mediate and help when understudies are battling, and they can help direct understudies to the suitable individuals and assets on campus.A school instruction is about substantially more than taking classes and winning a degree. Private life shows numerous significant fundamental abilities: settling clashes with a flat mate, suitemates, as well as understudies on your lobby; figuring out how to live with individuals who might be very not quite the same as you; assembling a living and learning network, etc. At most schools, grounds home corridors are a lot nearer to significant offices (library, exercise center, wellbeing focus, and so on.) than off-grounds apartments.Colleges have little capacity to screen illicit conduct off grounds, however inside the living arrangement lobbies, exercises, for example, underage drinking and unlawful medication use can be identified and reacted to considerably more readily. When you are another understudy, it tends to be a colossal advantage to be living in a similar structure with high society understudies or potentially RAs who know the grounds and scholastic desires well. Youre additionally bound to discover tutors in a grounds home corridor than in an off-grounds apartment.Along with having privileged guides, youll likewise have a friend bunch that will incorporate understudies taking a portion of indistinguishable classes from you. Living nearby gives you prepared access to contemplate gatherings, and companions can frequently help on the off c hance that you are compelled to miss a class or in the event that you discover material from a talk befuddling. Alongside the conspicuous advantages of living nearby, schools have a couple of purposes behind keeping understudies nearby that might be somewhat less philanthropic. In particular, schools dont make the entirety of their cash from educational cost dollars. For the incredible dominant part of schools, huge incomes additionally stream from food and lodging charges. In the event that apartments sit void and insufficient understudies are pursued feast designs, the school will make some harder memories adjusting its spending plan. In the event that more states push ahead with free educational cost plans for in-state understudies at state funded colleges, (for example, New Yorks Excelsior Program), all school income will originate from room, board, and related expenses. Special cases to College Residency Requirements Remember that not very many schools have private strategies that are unchangeable, and special cases are regularly made. In the event that your family lives extremely near the school, you can regularly get authorization to live at home. Doing so clearly has critical money saving advantages, yet dont dismiss the significant encounters you may pass up by deciding to drive. By living at home, you wont get the full school understanding, including figuring out how to be independent.Some universities with a multi year residency necessities permit solid understudies to appeal to live off grounds sooner. On the off chance that youve demonstrated your scholarly and individual development, you might have the option to get off grounds sooner than a significant number of your classmates.At a few schools, it might likewise be conceivable to appeal to live off grounds for reasons identified with explicit wellbeing and health needs. For instance, you may have the option to appeal to live off grounds if the school cannot meet your atypical dietary necessities or on the off chance that you need access to normal human s ervices that just isnt practical in a school living arrangement hall.â A Final Word About Residency Requirements Each school has residency necessities that were produced for the remarkable circumstance of the school. Youll locate that some urban schools just as certain colleges that have been encountering quick extension, essentially dont have enough residence space to deal with the entirety of their understudies. Such schools frequently can't ensure lodging and might be upbeat for you to live off grounds. At any school, its essential to gauge the upsides and downsides of living off grounds before settling on a choice. Time spent preparing dinners and driving to grounds is time that wont be spent on your investigations, and not all understudies do well with a lot of autonomy.

Automobile Industry in China Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4750 words

Car Industry in China - Essay Example The point of this paper is to talk about more completely on these focuses and that's only the tip of the iceberg, and to offer a more top to bottom and far reaching perspective on the circumstance of the effect on the vehicle business in China after China's increase into the WTO. Since the start of financial change and its opening to the outside world, China's economy has been developing at a pace of almost 10 percent every year and its outer exchange has extended by in excess of 15 percent a year. In 1999 China's exchange volume came to $360.7 billion, positioning ninth on the planet, with trade volume coming to $195 billion. China has risen to turn into a significant player in world exchanging framework. (Zhai and Li, 2000). Arrangements over China's promotion into the WTO promptly incited a discussion between worriers who accepted that opening the economy would prompt a surge of imports and a de-nationalization of assembling industry, and the individuals who accepted that it would spike legitimization of state-claimed endeavors, lock in residential changes, draw in remote venture, and open the route for exchange extension. (Noble et al). Th The point of this paper is to completely acknowledge and examine these interests and that's only the tip of the iceberg, so as to go to a more clear and all the more understanding perspective on the specific circumstance. So as to do this, the accompanying inquiries must be tended to: 1. What is the WTO 2. What was China's car industry like before China joined the WTO. 3. What was the effect on the vehicle business in China after China's increase into the WTO 4. What ends can be drawn from this event By examining these three inquiries, we can all the more definitely grasp and opinionate on this topic. This is the thing that will be dissertated in the accompanying. What is the WTO The WTO (World Trade Organization) is an association which comprises of 123 signatory nations. Set up on January 1, 1995, and situated in Geneva, the WTO supplanted the GATT (General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade) as the most essential legitimate and institutional establishment among the multilateral exchanging arrangement of part nations. The point and prime reason for the WTO is to presented the central authoritative commitments which decide how governments diagram and execute local exchange enactment and guidelines. Through discussion, arrangements, and mediation, the WTO is the strict stage on which exchange relations among isolated nations develop. The WTO is truth be told the sole association which manages the guidelines of exchange between countries. Since the hour of its beginning, which occurred in 1999, protestors and hostile to globalization development contesters have focused on the WTO as a primary spot of effect. This is on the grounds that the WTO advances monetary

Dryopithecus Facts and Figures

Dryopithecus Facts and Figures Name:Â Dryopithecus (Greek for tree primate); articulated DRY-gracious substance ECK-us Habitat:Â Woodlands of Eurasia and Africa Recorded Epoch:Â Middle Miocene (15-10 million years back) Size and Weight:Â About four feet in length and 25 pounds Diet:Â Fruit Recognizing Characteristics:Â Moderate size; long front arms; chimpanzee-like headâ About Dryopithecus One of the numerous ancient primates of the Miocene age (a nearby contemporary was Pliopithecus), Dryopithecus was a tree-abiding chimp that began in eastern Africa around 15 million years prior and afterward (like its primate relatives a large number of years after the fact) transmitted out into Europe and Asia. Dryopithecus was just remotely identified with present day people; this old gorilla had chimpanzee-like appendages and facial highlights, and it most likely shifted back and forth between strolling on its knuckles and running on its rear legs (particularly when it was being pursued by predators). In general, however, Dryopithecus likely invested a large portion of its energy high up in trees, staying alive on organic product (an eating regimen we can surmise from its moderately frail cheek teeth, which wouldnt have had the option to deal with harder vegetation). The strangest reality about Dryopithecus, and one that has created a lot of disarray, is that this primate lived for the most part in western Europe as opposed to Africa. Today, Europe isnt precisely known for its monkeys and gorillas - the main indigenous species is the Barbary macaque, which is scarcely European, restricted for what it's worth to the shoreline of southern Spain, where it has entered from its typical living space in northern Africa. Its conceivable, however a long way from demonstrated, that the genuine cauldron of primate development during the later Cenozoic Era was Europe instead of Africa, and that after the enhancement of monkeys and chimps these primates moved from Europe and populated (or repopulated) the mainlands for which theyre most popular today, Africa, Asia, and South America.

Facebook Groups for WritersThe Good, The Bad, and the Ugly

Facebook Groups for Writersâ€"The Good, The Bad, and the Ugly If you havent read the most recent Facebook statistics provided by Brandwatch, take a seat. Yes…thats right, take a seat. Theyre THAT staggering.With 2.375 billion monthly active users (as of Q3 2018) and 1.49 billion daily active users, 68% of U.S. adults use Facebook and 51% of them use it several times a day.In fact, out of everyone in the world who is online, 26.3% use Facebook. In the U.S. the numbers are exponentially higher.Theres little doubt that Facebook is the most popular online social media platform, with massive potential for indie authors looking to spread the word about their latest published novel. Rather than focusing on Facebook marketing, however, lets discuss an aspect of the gargantuan social media player that offers marketing, education, feedback, collaboration, and more. Yes, Im talking about Facebook groups.Facebook groups offer marketing opportunities, education, feedback, collaboration, and more. Photo by Glen Carrie on Unsplash.If youve ever been a membe r of a Facebook group, then you know that these groups can range from being full of valuable information to nothing more than a place for spammers and scammers to sell their wares or services. So, for this article, lets discuss the good, the bad, and the ugly when it comes to Facebook groupsâ€"and in doing soâ€"sift through what is important and what isnt when marketing yourself as an indie writer on these forums.The goodThe good that you need to focus on are the ways in which you can use social media, including Facebook groups for writers, for your benefit as an author:Social media is a gold mine of unlocked potential to build a following, showcase your writing ability and gain exposure… Facebook groups are yet another creative way writers can use social media to get noticed and inspired.Joining a Facebook group aimed at writers is a fantastic way to meet and collaborate with other writers. You might even find your next writing gig!Facebook writing groups range from small and int imate, to enormous and robust. Topics and focus vary, but the main benefit remains the same: comradery with other writers.Kelly Gurnett, The Write LifeThere are, however, important details to notice as you join and participate with these groups on Facebook. The first to highlight is that each group has its own individual rules regarding what can be posted or shared with the community at large. For example, The Write Life Facebook community is a public group, which means any writer can access it and see its posts without asking to become a member. However, this group only allows self-promotion on one day of the week (Monday, currently), and only within one thread (meaning, you cant post a separate thread to the group to advertise your latest novel thats available).Other groups, such as this closed group for Calls for Submissions (Poetry, Fiction, Art) are more targeted to a specific purpose for joining it, and might be more worth the time it requires to scroll through posts that are made. Currently, the group above has over 58,000 members, so obviously, its a good resource for writers looking to find publishing opportunities.Simply put, as you reach out to various Facebook groups in order to join them, choose carefully by exploring their mission statements, rules, and community standards for posting. If your primary intent in joining Facebook groups is to receive advice from other authors in the industry, your choices of potential groups is more expansive. In fact, consider looking at the groups your favorite writers have joined (you should be able to see this by joining their own individual writer page), and observe the activity those writers participate in within the community.However, if your intent is for self-promotion, there are fewer groups that allow this. Do your research. For example, this one allows self-promotion, so if self-promotion is your intent, its a good one to join (with over 15 thousand members).The badLets talk for a moment about some of t he reasons why Facebook groups can be bad for writers. As mentioned previously, without honing in on the purpose for joining a Facebook group, you might be left with posts popping up in your Facebook feed that are full of useless information that does little more than distract you from your goal, which is writing more. And lets face itâ€"who needs more of that?Most groups are extremely upfront about their purpose, mission, and rules. In fact, you dont even have to join to read it. For example, this Indie Author Group prints the following on their group intro:MISSION STATEMENT:The Indie Author group is designed to be your trusted first stop for information about Indie writing and support.Its a place for Indie writers to interact and become better writers. By improving the overall quality we can gain the respect our hard work deserves.We welcome all writers, whether traditionally published, self-publishing or a hybrid (a blend of both). Our resources are designed around offering sugge stions and tips for all aspects of the writing life.Requests for review exchanges are a form of promotion, and are not allowed.Indie Author Group, FacebookObviously, this group doesnt want self-promotion, either, and only wants to provide tips and suggestions to indie authors about the writing and publishing process. Therefore, if you join it and start trying to promote your work, youll likely be booted outâ€"or at the very least, reminded of the rules. Groups that have efficient moderators are good at keeping unwanted material from showing up on the page and hold every right to delete a post that doesnt agree with the community standards.If you want to achieve the most good from Facebook groups, youll need to do a little research and determine a few important things:What do you want out of a Facebook group? Is it an opportunity to self-promote? Is it help from other published writers? Is it a community that will review your material before you publish it?Next, which Facebook groups offer what you are looking for? Narrow it down to get the most out of your group participation.The uglyAs promised in the title, there is also some sheer ugliness that comes along with joining a Facebook group for writers, and it starts with human psychology while online.Dr Ciarán Mc Mahon of the cyberpsychology research centre at the Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland Institute of Leadership, explains it like thisâ€"rising right alongside of social media is narcissism in its worst form. He notes:If you put something on Twitter [or Facebook], it can be seen by upwards of 250 million people, but you probably wrote it in silence and in physical privacy. So, there is quite a gulf between instantly public global communication and these very, very private thoughts. So, a private thoughtâ€"That guy is an idiotâ€"can easily become an undeletable public announcement: You are an idiot. People have been calling each other idiots for a very long time but never before in such epic terms.Dr Ciarán Mc Mahon, Irish TimesThe author of the above mentioned article, Patrick Freyne, puts it like this:People argue passionately. They argue creatively. They argue compulsively. There are misunderstandings and lapses of humour. Minor differences of opinion spiral into incivilityâ€"and, to be fair, pleasant arguments often stay pleasant. Nowadays, even the most debate-averse people find themselves engaging with online arguments vicariously, sucking up dubiously sourced opinions and counteropinions as if by osmosis.When I ask internet arguers if they argue more now than they did in the past, they dont hesitate: Definitely.So is there a point to arguing with strangers? Thats a muddier issue.Patrick Freyne, Irish TimesOnline arguments happen more often, and more easily, than face-to-face ones. Photo by Gratisography on Pexels.This leads to an important point that we should all take note ofâ€"writers and non-writers alike. What is posted online is posted for the world to see. Its also posted in a way that is undeletable. Sure, weve all seen news stories of celebrities who posted something and then quickly deleted it, but did you catch the fact that the world still knows what was posted?The simple fact is, when you post something online, it is forever. This means that if you are in a heated argument with a fellow writer overâ€"I dont knowâ€"something as simple as a favorite author, or a presumed intention of that favorite author, and you make a derogatory comment that could be construed wrong…that comment is there for everyone to see, both now and in the future. Are you that confident in your stance to engrave a comment in proverbial stone? Is the argument really worth that risk?If not, its perhaps best to leave the online arguments alone. I know very few people whose political or social stance hasnt changed in the past decade, so imagine seeing your own stance printed in a permanent form 10 years from now. What if it changes? What if that one comment isnt how you want to be remembered?These are very real considerations to keep in mind when joining an online community and participating in what is often a rude, politically-charged discourse that would rarely happen if the commentators were face to face.

Methods Of Payment In International Trade Finance Essay - Free Essay Example

Trade is the exchange of goods, services, currencies or intellectual properties. International trade is the exchange of goods, services, currencies and intellectual properties among different countries. There had been many limitations on the trade previous eras, but now these restrictions are mostly eliminated. Although these eliminations, international trade is still regulated and conducted by governments and usually has the burden of tariffs. These tax tariffs or different regulation policies may cause some problems which is called trade barriers. In order to make international trade efficiently, importers and exporters use different payment methods. Since the tariffs and different credit risk levels cause problems, different payment methods are needed. There are five methods of payment in international trade which are open account method, cash in advance method, documents against payment method, documents against acceptance method and letter of credit or documentary credit. In all these methods the aim is to even both parties and create equilibrium. The less creditworthy party always takes the risk in transactions. If both parties are evenly creditworthy, then an even agreement is performed. Below the methods are listed from the most risk to least risk for the exporter and shown in a tab le to give a brief idea. Open Account Method In this method exporter takes the risk and delivers the entities first. After the delivery importer makes the payment. In detail, when the exporter company performs the delivery an invoice is made by it. With this invoice the payment is asked within certain days which can differ from 15 to 90 days. This process is shown as invoice + (15†¦ 90). Since this method carries the risk for Exporter Company, it is not preferred by sellers. However, when the importer is a very strong famous company, it can only accept business transactions with this method, so this method can be the only way for trade. If there is a difference in terms of credibility level of importer and exporter and exporter is the inferior part in the transaction, then this method is convenient. Indeed open account is the most preferred method among international trade payment methods. When implementing this method exporter should measure the credit risk level of both the importer company and the country of the impor ter company. Documents against payment In this method the importer company makes the payment to a bank in the exporter companys country. After payment the documents are sent to Exporter Company, so it is assured about the payment. After this guarantee, Exporter Company ships the entities to importer and when Importer Company gets the entities, it informs the bank about it. In the end bank makes the payment to Exporter Company. This payment method is useful when the importer wants to be sure of the deliverance before payment, and it is less risky than documents against payment method in terms of exporters. Documents against acceptance In this method the exporters gives the bill of lading to the banks in importers nation state. These banks pass the document to importers, so they are assured of the shipment. Afterwards, importers make the payment and inform the bank about it. In the end goods are delivered to importers. This payment term is mostly risky for the exporters but not as much risky as open account method. To summarize, in open account and documents against acceptance methods exporters take more risk than importers whereas in documents against payment method most of the risk carried by importers. Documentary credit or letter of credit Documentary credit or letter of credit is an agreement which equals the risk of the importers and exporters. This equalization is provided with the involvement of other parties (banks). The biggest pro of this method is the equal levels of risk but there are some cons like baking fees, bureaucracy and lots of documentation problems. Both the importer and the exporter should be very careful about the contract since it can be canceled just because of a single spelling mistake. These contracts should be mirror imaged, fully identical since they are under the rule of strict compliance. Letter of credit can be convenient if the importer and the exporter do not know each other so well and not sure about the other partys creditworthiness. Otherwise, it is not so convenient to se letter of credit because of the high charges of the banks and bureaucratic issues. The process of letter of credit is complicated and can be summarized as; when the contract of letter of credit is signed Import er Company applies to a bank in its country which is the issuer bank. This issuing bank prepares a letter of credit and delivers it to an advising bank that is in Exporter Companys country. Advising bank transfers the letter of credit to Exporter Company which is a guarantee for payment. Exporter Company ships the entities and receives the bill of lading. Later on, Exporter Company delivers this bill of lading to advising bank and takes its payment simultaneously. After, the delivery of bill of lading to issuing bank and the delivery of the good, importer company makes the payment to issuing bank and issuing bank transfers the predetermined amount of money to advising bank. There are certain types of letter of credit. First of all, every letter of credit is either revocable or irrevocable. Irrevocable letter of credit cannot be changed without the permission of both exporter and importer companies. Revocable letter of credit can be changed by one of the parties. However, with eac h change banks get extra charges. Other types of letter of credits are confirmed, back to back, revolving and standby. In confirmed letter of credit the exporter has a double insurance, in back to back letter of credit importer party issues letter of credit for the exporter and the supplier of the exporter, in revolving letter of credit a long term agreement which includes certain milestones is paid in advance but the shipment is made partial and in standby letter of credit for a huge agreement partial payments are fulfilled by the importer. Cash in advance method In cash in advance method Exporter Company doesnt have any risk, whereas Importer Company takes the whole risk of the trade. In this method, first either full or fractional prepayment is made by the importer company. After the payment is performed, Exporter Company ships the entities. If Exporter Company has the advantage on the trade because of its credibility or the high demand to its products, this method can be suggested. In international trade it is not logical to insist on this method so much if Exporter Company is also trustworthy. Otherwise exporter party may give up on the trade. Credit card payments and check payments are done by cash in advance method. Payment Terms for International Trade Payment Method Time of payment Delivery time Risk of exporter Risk of importer summary Open Account method After delivery of the entities Before payment Maximum risk No risk First delivery of the entities Last payment Documents against acceptance method After shipment before delivery of the entities First shipment second payment Third delivery Almost even Mostly exporter Almost even mostly exporter First shipment of the entities Second payment Last delivery Documents against payment method Before delivery of the entities After payment to the bank Almost even Mostly importer Almost even Mostly importer First payment Second shipment of the entities Third delivery Last getting allowance Letter of credit method After shipment of the entities After payment Even Even Almost same time, both sides are guaranteed by other parties Cash in advance method Before delivery of the entities After payment No risk Maximum risk First payment Last delivery of the entities The aim of picking up a method is to minimize the credit risk and increase utilization. Therefore both sides will be willing to choose the most riskless method. So, first choice of the exporter will be cash in advance and first choice of the importer will be open account methods since they both want to have a transaction without risk. However, counterparty will always ask for another method in order to share the burden of the risk. Exporter Side As the exporter party, I choose the methods which decreases exporters credit risk. Therefore, I prefer cash in advance, documents against payment or letter of credit method to either eliminate my risk or be equal with my counterparty. Now, lets consider that I am a big exporter company that is extremely creditworthy. Instead of dealing with the issues of letter of credit or documents against payment I prefer to use cash in advance method. Since other party will not be doubtful about my shipment it would not object to this payment method. I use this method not to deal with letter of credit issues. Instead of loosing time and extra money for the charges and dealing with paper work, I prefer riskless cash in advance method. However, if my company is not well known in the importers country, importer country may have doubts about delivery and can ask for letter of credit. Also, if I am not sure about the counterparty I request usage of letter of credit. Therefore, for the new relationsh ips among companies, letter of credit is a good solution. At this point I choose a type of letter of credit which could be irrevocable since it cannot be changed without my permission. However, document against payment is the best way both for me and the importer. This method assures both the delivery and the payment and it is not as expensive and complicated as letter of credit. Therefore, if the importer and the exporter company is even in terms of reputability and credibility this method is the best choice.

The Nature Vs. Nurture Debate - 1971 Words

The nature vs. nurture debate has been a long and bloody battle for the longest time for psychologists. Some believe that we are the products of our environment, meaning that we become who we are as a result of our upbringing, social influences, and schooling among other factors. On the other hand, the naturists believe that outside influences have nothing to do with how we turn out; it all depends on our genes. One psychologist, however, has made the attempt to bridge these two sides together. Robert Plomin’s work in genetics and psychology has helped people understand the roles the environment and genetics play in areas such as education, behavior, and development. Robert J. Plomin was born in the windy city in 1948 in a one-bedroom rented flat. His father worked in a car factory starting off on the assembly line and later being promoted to layout engineer. Neither of his parents attended college and his home had nary a book, but his parents pushed him to go to the public library we he picked up a book about evolution at ten years old. When he later presented his findings about evolution in his science class in Catholic school, he was deemed an atheist and suspended for his sacrilege. Before he became a serious academic, Plomin was more laborer than intellectual. He delivered chickens and shoveled snow before he turned to academics and make the assistant to the research director of an educational association. He was paid to go to college, which was really the onlyShow MoreRelatedNature Vs. Nurture Debate1427 Words   |  6 Pagesparents use authoritarian methods and punishment.† The nature Vs nurture debate has been around since 16 90 created by the philosopher John Locke who believed we as humans do not have natural, inborn ideas; that our minds are a blank page, upon which experience shall write. Nurture is everything and nature is simply nothing. â€Å"Nature is what we think of as pre-wiring and is influenced by genetic inheritance and other biological factors. Nurture is generally taken as the influence of external factorsRead MoreNature Vs. Nurture Debate878 Words   |  4 Pagespersonalities and traits produced by genetics or shaped by the environment? Or, is there a relationship between nature and nurture with regards to child development? The debate continues. While some believe â€Å"nature and nurture work together, others believe they are separate and opposing influences† (McDevitt, 2010). Nature vs Nurture In regards to the nature vs. nurture debate, â€Å"this debate is a major issue in many social science disciplines and is concerned with the influence that biology, geneticsRead MoreNature Vs Nurture Debate1291 Words   |  6 PagesHow is the nature vs nurture debate related to a consideration of the mental disorder, schizophrenia? INTRODUCTION Schizophrenia is categorized by thoughts or experiences that seem abnormal with reality, disorganized speech or behaviour and decreased participation in regular daily activities. Difficulty with memory and concentration are sometimes also present. The two hit hypothesis generally refers to a genetic vulnerability, which is known as the first hit, triggered by something in the environmentRead MoreNature Vs Nurture Debate1343 Words   |  6 Pagescontroversial to psychologist since the phrase was created in 1869 is â€Å"Nature vs Nurture†. Although the debate was started well before then, 1869 was the first time it was tied to the debate. The nature vs nurture debate is over whether you get your behavior from genetics, what you inherited from your biological parents, or if they are learned characteristics, what you learn from the environment and what you get taught. The debate can be traced back to early western philosophy and is still relevantRead MoreNature Vs. Nurture Debat e1332 Words   |  6 PagesNature vs Nurture debate is one of the oldest arguments in the history of psychology. The debate is about to know if our personality and talents come from our parent or environment? The coding of genes in each cell in humans determine the different traits that we have, more physical attributes dominance like ear size, eye colour, , height, hair colour and other traits. However, it is still not known whether the more abstract attributes like, intelligence, sexual orientation, personality, preferencesRead MoreNature Vs. Nurture Debate1863 Words   |  8 PagesNature vs. Nurture Albert Camus once said, â€Å"Man is the only creature who refuses to be what he is.† But what makes man what he is? Is it his sheer genetic makeup, or is it the way he was raised? The nature vs. nurture debate has raged on for centuries, but neither side has been able to prove their point indefinitely. Even today we see displays of the contrast between genetics and learned behaviors, in athletics, in intelligence, in behavior, in medical history, and in work ethic. Each personRead MoreThe Debate On Nature Vs Nurture Essay1435 Words   |  6 Pagesdubious history of the debate on nature vs nurture continues to be a controversy, more and more psychologists start to rise from both sides of the argument. The earliest evidence can be traced back to the time of John Locke, who believes that our minds are blank slates and only experience can write override it. Despite the main focus of the issue being how environment transact to influence development, psychologists today cont inue to argue on the issue of nature vs nurture. Intelligence is more ofRead MoreNature Vs. Nurture Debate2114 Words   |  9 PagesNature vs. Nurture Albert Camus once said, â€Å"Man is the only creature who refuses to be what he is.† But what makes man what he is? Is it his sheer genetic makeup, or is it the way he was raised? The nature vs. nurture debate has raged on for centuries, but neither side has been able to prove their point indefinitely. Even today we see displays of the contrast between genetics and learned behaviors, some of which are athletics, intelligence, medical histories, etc. Every person is completelyRead MoreThe Nature Vs. Nurture Debate2673 Words   |  11 Pagesamount of social interaction is going to have a positive benefit, for young kids or any age. One of the most famous debates in Psychology is the Nature vs. Nurture debate, which has been going on since the time of Aristotle. The aspect within this debate comes to the question of; did the aspects of our behavior become because we inherited our characteristics from our parents know as the Nature? The other question leads up to our behavi or of; did we get our characteristics from what we learned from theRead MoreNature Vs. Nurture : The Debate Of Nature Versus Nurture895 Words   |  4 PagesNature vs. Nurture The debate of nature versus nurture has been an ongoing debate for a long time. When applying this argument to education there is no proven winner. The nature side of the coin believes that a person is born the way that they are. This could include intelligence level or personality traits such as being outgoing or shy. The other side of the argument of nurture believes that the type of upbringing that someone has will play a large role in the way they develop. It is thought

Essay on Logical, Ethical, and Emotional Argumentation

Many people and organizations use writing and visual methods to persuade readers to their view. In such pieces, the author will use many different tricks and appeals in order to draw the reader to his or her train of thought. According to Andrea Lunsford in her instructional book The Everyday Writer, these appeals can be broken down into three main types – logical, emotional and ethical. A logical argument uses facts, statistics and surveys to back up what the author is saying and is commonly referred to as logos. An ethical argument is one that tries to build up the authors characters and prove to the reader that the author is qualified to give his or her views on the topic at hand. Ethical arguments are commonly called ethos. Finally,†¦show more content†¦Overall, the argument uses pathos to play on the human fear of torture and sway the reader with no real logical backing. She uses quotes and phrases like â€Å"[torture] endangers our soldiers on the battlefieldâ €  and â€Å"damage[s] our country’s image,† calling on the sense of patriotism throughout America to turn the people against torture. Applebaum even goes so far as to throw out the baseless conjecture â€Å"the use of ‘special methods’ might help explain why the war is going so badly (Applebaum 37).† This appeal to emotion tries to sway the reader against torture by making the assumption that there is some connection between the use of torture and the effectiveness of enemy soldiers – a great example of the use of pathos to mislead readers. Just as â€Å"The Torture Myth† relied mainly on pathos and scattered logos, the â€Å"2011 Louisiana Life March Promo Video (Louisiana March for Life,)† a promotional video for an anti-abortion march on the Louisiana State Capitol building, relies on the same argumentative appeals. The list of sponsors appearing at the end of the promotional video provides the only ethical appeal for the argument. This appeal, though taking up just a fraction of the runtime, can be the difference between gathering just hundreds of supporters for a cause and gathering tens of thousands of supporters. The video provided one logical appeal in the statement, â€Å"Since 1973, nearly 500,000 Louisiana childrenShow MoreRelatedWhen Is The Last Time You Fought With Someone For Hours1552 Words   |  7 Pagesto convince your parents to extend your curfew. You may have been disappointed when you failed to succeed in this, most likely because the lack of proper argumentation technique. Argumentation takes place all around the world in messages designed to influence other beliefs and behaviors. A rational argument adapts to the audience in an ethical manner, fulfills the requirements of presumption and burden of proof and effectively supports the claims while avoiding common fallacies. Audience analysisRead MoreThe Song Arms Of The Angel By Sarah Mclachlan1367 Words   |  6 PagesThe song Arms of the Angel by Sarah McLachlan is an emotional song that many can relate to. It is about the loss of someone close that has endured pain and will, hopefully, find comfort and peace â€Å"in the arms of an angel†. Pairing this song with animal cruelty would release a surge of emotions in the audience, which is exactly what the creators of the ASPCA commercial were targeting. ASPCA (The American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals) is a non-profit organization set to receiveRead MoreReminders of Poverty, Soon Forgotten802 Words   |  4 Pageswriting the classical principles of argumentation – Ethos, Pathos, and Logos will be observed as it is used in â€Å"Reminders of Poverty, Soon Forgotten by Alexander Keyssar.† These arguments are used to persuade the reader to think that the writer’s ideas are the best ideas. Before going in to whether or not Keyssar used these principles in his writing, it is important to understand what each of the three principles mean. In the principle of Ethos, or ethical appeal, it is used to persuade theRead More The Confederate Flag Dispute Essay1247 Words   |  5 Pagesnegative symbol; in it Foner mainly uses logos to show the meaning of the Confederate flag, pathos as a way of portraying pro-flag supporters as the bad guys, and his ethos to show his audiences he is well-informed of the pro-flag arguments. Foner’s ethical appeal comes from his knowledge of the pro-flag arguments and the fact that he is a well-known historian. In the first paragraph he mostly provides the background with claims made by pro-flag groups of the reason why the flag should stay flying.Read MoreEthos, Pathos and Logos2053 Words   |  9 Pagescategories--Ethos, Pathos, Logos. Ethos (Credibility), or ethical appeal, means convincing by the character of the author. We tend to believe people whom we respect. One of the central problems of argumentation is to project an impression to the reader that you are someone worth listening to, in other words making yourself as author into an authority on the subject of the paper, as well as someone who is likable and worthy of respect. Pathos (Emotional) means persuading by appealing to the readers emotionsRead MoreMike Rose Describes His Personal Childhood Observations1389 Words   |  6 Pagestechniques they improvise to complete the task at hand. An example of improvising strategies is when Rose mentions, Joe learned the most efficient way to use his body by acquiring a set of routines that were quick and preserved energy, this is ethical because preserving energy is efficient, the world is always developing and continually becoming more efficient (277). The author also displays his relatives virtue of hard work and integrity. Imagine working as a foreman and dealing with what isRead MoreWhat I Learned From The Group Project On The United States Illegally By Their Parents Should Be Deported Essay1575 Words   |  7 Pageswhat course of action is taken, the most important consequence is that the children are not winners. Whether that be that their parents are deported without them resulting in what could be a n emotional and/or financial impact to the children or that they themselves are deported, which can also result in emotional and/or financial impact. As stated in more than one article, â€Å"many of the children of illegal immigrants may not know they are in the United States illegally† (Mahatmya Gring-Pemble, 2014)Read MoreCommunication as it Pertains to Law Essay636 Words   |  3 PagesState University’s courses teach relevant skills including critical thinking and analysis, logical outlining, legal research, interviewing, argumentative writing, public speaking, debating in a cross-examination format, and ethical problem solving, all of which are key communication components for effective expression as an attorney (Salter, September 10, 2001). In this paper public speaking and argumentation will be the focus. The five fundamental principles of human communication are the following:Read MoreAristotles Rhetoric Theory2285 Words   |  10 Pagesnature, their rhetoric will be persuasive. And because of that same comprehensiveness, it will be both true and just, to the extent that human affairs permit†¦ Aristotle points out the limits necessary for successful persuastion – from the logical rules that underlie thought to the diverse elements of common opinion that rhetoric must accommodate†¦Aristotle indicates the extent to which rhetoric involves refining opinions and modifying desires in light of more comprehensive goods†¦HeRead MoreEvaluating Arguments, Opinions, And Beliefs Project Essay1633 Words   |  7 Pagesof action is taken, the most important consequence I learned is that the children are not winners. Whether that be that their parents are deported without them resulting in what could be an emotional and/or financial impact to the children or that they themselves are deported, which can also result in emotional and/or financial impact. As stated in more than one article, â€Å"many of the children of illegal immigrants may not know they are in the United States illegally† (Mahatmya Gring-Pemble, 2014)

FAMU Acceptance Rate, SAT/ACT Scores, GPA

Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University (FAMU) is a public university with an acceptance rate of 39%. Applications are accepted year-round, and applicants can apply directly on the FAMU website. Considering applying to Florida AM? Here are the admissions statistics you should know, including the average SAT/ACT scores and GPAs of admitted students. Why FAMU? Location: Tallahassee, FloridaCampus Features: FAMUs 422-acre hilltop campus is defined by its red-brick buildings and Spanish moss-covered oak trees. Student/Faculty Ratio: 16:1Athletics: The FAMU Rattlers compete in the NCAA Division I Mid-Eastern Athletic Conference.Highlights: FAMU ranks among the top historically black colleges and universities. Undergraduates can choose from 54 bachelors degree programs, with professional fields such as business, criminal justice, and allied health being extremely popular. Acceptance Rate During the 2017-18 admissions cycle, Florida AM University had an acceptance rate of 39%. This means that for every 100 students who applied, 39 students were admitted, making FAMUs admissions process competitive. Admissions Statistics (2017-18) Number of Applicants 8,976 Percent Admitted 39% Percent Admitted Who Enrolled (Yield) 38% SAT Scores and Requirements Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University requires that all applicants submit either SAT or ACT scores. During the 2017-18 admissions cycle, 72% of admitted students submitted SAT scores. SAT Range (Admitted Students) Section 25th Percentile 75th Percentile ERW 530 590 Math 510 580 ERW=Evidence-Based Reading and Writing This admissions data tells us that most of FAMUs admitted students fall within the top 35% nationally on the SAT. For the evidence-based reading and writing section, 50% of students admitted to Florida AM scored between 530 and 590, while 25% scored below 530 and 25% scored above 590. On the math section, 50% of admitted students scored between 510 and 580, while 25% scored below 510 and 25% scored above 580. Applicants with a composite SAT score of 1170 or higher will have particularly competitive chances at FAMU. Requirements FAMU requires the SAT writing section. Note that Florida AM participates in the scorechoice program, which means that the admissions office will consider your highest score from each individual section across all test dates. SAT Subject tests are not required for admission to Florida AM. ACT Scores and Requirements Florida AM University requires that all applicants submit either SAT or ACT scores. During the 2017-18 admissions cycle, 45% of admitted students submitted ACT scores. ACT Range (Admitted Students) Section 25th Percentile 75th Percentile English 18 23 Math 17 23 Composite 19 23 This admissions data tells us that most of FAMUs admitted students fall within the top 55% nationally on the ACT. The middle 50% of students admitted to Florida AM received a composite ACT score between 19 and 23, while 25% scored above 23 and 25% scored below 19. Requirements Florida AM University requires the ACT writing section. Note that unlike many universities, FAMU superscores ACT results; your highest subscores from multiple ACT sittings will be considered. GPA In 2018,  the average high school GPA for incoming FAMU freshman was 3.4. These results suggest that most successful applicants to Florida AM have primarily B grades. Self-Reported GPA/SAT/ACT Graph Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University Applicants Self-Reported GPA/SAT/ACT Graph. Data courtesy of Cappex. The admissions data in the graph is self-reported by applicants to Florida AM University. GPAs are unweighted. Find out how you compare to accepted students, see the real-time graph, and calculate your chances of getting in with a free Cappex account. Admissions Chances Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University, one of the top historically black universities in the country, has a competitive admissions pool.  However, Florida AM has a holistic admissions process that involves factors beyond your grades and test scores. Strong application essays and glowing letters of recommendation can strengthen your application, as can participation in meaningful extracurricular activities. If you have taken time off between high school and college, the application provides space for listing employment, military service, or other activities you have been involved with since graduation. All applicants are given an opportunity to list clubs, organizations, community service work, special talents, awards, and work experiences. If you were highly involved in high school or after graduation, it is in your best interest to attach an additional sheet to the application to fully articulate your activities. Freshman applicants will also need to respond to two of thr ee essay prompts on the following topics: a meaningful activity, interest, experience or achievement; your family history, culture, or environment; or, your unique qualities or characteristics that will make you a valuable member of the FAMU community. In the graph above, the green and blue dots represent admitted students. You can see that the great majority had a high school average of a 2.5 or higher. Nearly all admitted students had combined SAT scores (ERWM) of 900 or higher, and an ACT composite of 16 or higher. GPAs reported by applicants above are unweighted, but FAMU will recalculate your high school grades to give extra weight to rigorous coursework including IB, Dual Enrollment, AP, and Honors classes. Note that FAMU requires freshman applicants to have a recalculated GPA of 2.85 or higher. All admissions data has been sourced from the National Center for Education Statistics and Florida Agricultural and Mechanical Universitys Undergraduate Admissions Office.

Hip Hop Politics And Pace University - 1974 Words

Eric M. Goodman December 17th, 2014 POL-246: Hip Hop in Politics – Pace University Professor G. Martinez Hip Hop is often written not simply as music but rather as a political statement; a passing of advice from an experience man to novice children. The lyrics of rappers are written often for entertainment; but just as often they serve as guidance to their peoples’ youth. Over the years Hip Hops purpose, symbolism, and meaning have changed. The rap of this era possesses naà ¯ve optimism. The former impoverished and activists have become the innovators, the industrialist, and the great of a newly form industry. The notice of possibilities, the thought of opportunity spurred millions to action and instilled hope in their hearts and minds. Hip†¦show more content†¦The media paints a poor picture of Hip Hop, even after what is has evolved to and it does not show the advantages of a this new industry. The world of Hip Hop does not, as a whole, possess the same ideals of violence it once did; they now project wealth and ideals all the world over, and thus has a stronger impact on change then it ever did. Hip Hop is a global brand, no longer confined to single community or group of people. No longer does a man need to live and work in the ghetto to reap the benefits of Hip Hop’s guidance and advice. Hip Hop’s light shines brighter and farther today than ever before; it is a global force for the poor, and discriminated that yearn to breathe free all throughout the world. Instead of focusing on the evil pursuits of the minority sections of Hip Hop and damaging to the rest of the world; we should be praising modern Hip Hop, while also acknowledging its faults in a manner consistent with civil criticism of any another industry or group. As Hip Hop evolves, it changes its ways. Hip Hop isn’t destined by some ineluctable cycle of its past. Instead, Hip Hop’s future is a matter of will and willpower, in the sense of crucial choices to be made about their people, community and audience. Hip Hop has largely followed an organic path throughout its history, its artists presented with difficulties, and bending

Administrative Process in Nursing Free Essays

string(99) " at the same time become more knowledgeable about the overall scheme of things within the company\." Submitted by: Jennelyn M. Pondang Submitted to: Prof. Liwayway T. We will write a custom essay sample on Administrative Process in Nursing or any similar topic only for you Order Now Vallesteros †¢ Answer learning activities (page 14) nos. 3 and 4. †¢ Illustrate using a table a comparison of the ff leadership style: a. Democratic, Authoritarian, and Laissez-faire b. Transformational and Transactional †¢ Which of the above leadership styles do you think your immediate manager adhere to? Support your assumption. 3. Compare Theory X, Y, and Z. Which one would you prefer in your organization? Why? Theory X assumes employees are inherently lazy and will avoid work if they can and that they inherently dislike work. As a result of this, management believes that workers need to be closely supervised and comprehensive systems of controls developed. According to this theory, employees will show little ambition without an enticing incentive program and will avoid responsibility whenever they can. Theory X managers rely heavily on threat and coercion to gain their employee’s compliance, believe that everything must end in blaming someone and that his or her employees do not really want to work, that they would rather avoid responsibility and that it is the manager’s job to structure the work and energize the employee. Beliefs of this theory lead to mistrust, highly restrictive supervision, and a punitive atmosphere. Usually these managers feel the sole purpose of the employee’s interest in the job is money. They will blame the person first in most situations, without questioning whether it may be the system, policy, or lack of training that deserves the blame. Theory Y assumes that people are creative and eager to work. Workers tend to desire more responsibility than Theory X workers, and have strong desires to participate in the decision making process. Theory Y workers are comfortable in a working environment which allows creativity and the opportunity to become personally involved in organizational planning. Creativity and imagination are increasingly present throughout the ranks of the working population. These people not only accept responsibility, but actively seek increased authority. In this theory, management assumes employees may be ambitious and self-motivated and exercise self-control. It is believed that employees enjoy their mental and physical work duties. Theory Y managers believe that employees will learn to seek out and accept responsibility and to exercise self-control and self-direction in accomplishing objectives to which they are committed. They believe that the satisfaction of doing a good job is a strong motivation. Many people interpret Theory Y as a positive set of beliefs about workers. Theory Y managers are more likely than Theory X managers to develop the climate of trust with employees that is required for human resource development. This would include managers communicating openly with subordinates, minimizing the difference between superior-subordinate relationships, creating a comfortable environment in which subordinates can develop and use their abilities. This theory is a positive view to the employees, meaning that the employer is under a lot less pressure than someone who is influenced by a theory X management style. Another theory which deals with the way in which workers are perceived by managers, as well as how managers are perceived by workers, is William Ouchi’s â€Å"Theory Z†. Often referred to as the â€Å"Japanese† management style, Theory Z offers the notion of a hybrid management style which is a combination of a strict American management style (Theory A) and a strict Japanese management style (Theory J). This theory speaks of an organizational culture which mirrors the Japanese culture in which workers are more participative, and capable of performing many and varied tasks. Theory Z emphasizes things such as job rotation, broadening of skills, generalization versus specialization and the need for continuous training of workers. Much like McGregor’s theories (Theory X an Y), Ouchi’s Theory Z workers have a high need to be supported by the company, and highly value a working environment in which such things as family, cultures and traditions, and social institutions are regarded as equally important as the work itself. These types of workers have a very well developed sense of order, discipline, moral obligation to work hard, and a sense of cohesion with their fellow workers. Theory Z workers can be trusted to do their jobs to their utmost ability, so long as management can be trusted to support them and look out for their well being. One of the most important tenets of this theory is that management must have a high degree of confidence in its workers in order for this type of participative management to work. Theory Z stresses the need for enabling the workers to become generalists, rather than specialists, and to increase their knowledge of the company and its processes through job rotations and continual training. In fact, promotions tend to be slower in this type of setting, as workers are given a much longer opportunity to receive training and more time to learn the intricacies of the company’s operations. The desire, under this theory, is to develop a work force, which has more of a loyalty towards staying with the company for an entire career, and be more permanent than in other types of settings. It is expected that once an employee does rise to a position of high level management, they will know a great deal more about the company and how it operates, and will be able to use Theory Z management theories effectively on the newer employees. SUMMARY: McGregor’s Theory X and Theory Y managers seem to have a much more formal leadership style than do Ouchi’s Theory Z managers. McGregor’s managers seem to both have different views of the workers, while their views of the tasks remains the same in both cases: that is, one of specialization, and doing a particular task. Theory Y suggests that the workers would become very good at their particular tasks, because they are free to improve the processes and make suggestions. Theory Z workers, on the other hand, tend to rotate their jobs frequently, and become more generalists, but at the same time become more knowledgeable about the overall scheme of things within the company. You read "Administrative Process in Nursing" in category "Papers" Several parallels indeed exist between these two theorists. Namely McGregor’s Theory Y, and Ouchi’s Theory Z both see the relationship between managers and workers in a very similar light. They both are more group oriented than the Theory X assumptions, which seem to be more individual oriented. One of the most notable similarities between McGregor’s Theory Y and Ouchi’s Theory Z appears in the form of the type of motivation that makes the workers perform in a way that enables them to be more productive. While the Theory X worker is said to require coercion, threats, and possibly even disciplinary action, Theory Y and Theory Z workers are, again, self motivated. This allows them to focus on the task, and also their role within the company. Their desire is to be more productive and enable the company to succeed. Theory X workers, on the other hand, seem to have just enough self motivation to show up at work, punch the time clock, as it were, and do only that which is necessary to get the job done to minimum standards. I would prefer Theory Z in our organization because people in this theory are innately self- motivated to not only do their work, but also are loyal towards the company and want to make the company succeed. I like theory Z managers having a great deal of trust that their workers could make sound decisions. Therefore, this type of leader is more likely to act as â€Å"coach†, and let the workers make most of the decisions. The workers have a great deal of input and weight in the decision making process. Theory Z also emphasizes more frequent performance appraisals 4. Describe at least three factors that affect human behavior. Attitude is one of the factors that affect human behavior. It is a complex mental state involving beliefs, feelings and values and dispositions to act in certain ways. Another is Social Norms. This is the influence of social pressure that is perceived by the individual to perform or not perform a certain behavior. Perceived Behavioral Control is also factor that affect human behavior. This is defined as the individuals belief concerning how easy or difficult performing the behavior will be. Illustrate using a table a comparison of the ff leadership style: c. Democratic, Authoritarian, and Laissez-faire d. Transformational and Transactional C |Democratic |Authoritarian |Laissez-faire | | | | | | |Leadership style in which the leader ictates |Non-authoritarian leadership style. Laissez | | The people have a more participatory role in |policies and procedures, decides what goals are|faire (French for, allow to pass or let go) | |the decision making process. One person retains|to be achieved, and directs and controls all |leaders try to give least possible guidance to | |final say over all decisions but allows others |activities without any meaningful participation|subordinates, and try to achieve control | |to share insight and ideas. by the subordinates. |through less obvious means. They believe that | |Highly effective form of leadership. People are| |people excel when they are left alone to | |more likely to excel in their positions and | |respond to their responsibilities and | |develop more skills when they feel empowered, | |obligations in their own ways. |and people are empowered when they are involved| | | |in the decision-making process. | | | |Often lead to a more productive and higher | | | |quality work group. | | | D. Transformational |Transactional | |* Le aders arouse emotions in their followers which motivates them to act beyond |*Leaders are aware of the link between the effort and reward. | |the framework of what may be described as exchange relations. |* Leadership is responsive and its basic orientation is dealing with present | |*Leadership is proactive and forms new expectations in followers. |issues. | |* Leaders are distinguished by their capacity to inspire and provide |* Leaders rely on standard forms of inducement, reward, punishment and | |individualized consideration, intellectual stimulation and idealized influence to|sanction to control followers. | |their followers. |* Leaders motivate followers by setting goals and promising rewards for | |* Leaders create learning opportunities for their followers and stimulate |desired performance. | |followers to solve problems. |* Leadership depends on the leader’s power to reinforce subordinates for their| |* Leaders possess good visioning and management skills to develop strong |successful completion of the bargain.. |emotional bonds with followers. | | |* Leaders motivate followers to work for goals that go beyond self-interest. | | †¢ Which of the above leadership styles do you think your immediate manager adhere to? Support your assumption. Our manager adheres to transactional leadership style. She works through creating clear structures whereby it is clear what is required of her subordin ates and the rewards that we get for following orders. Punishments are not always mentioned, but they are also well-understood and formal systems of discipline are usually in place. Whenever our manager allocates work to us, we are considered to be fully responsible for it. When things go wrong, then we are considered to be personally at fault, and were punished for our failure just as rewarded for succeeding. Our manager makes clear of what is required and expected from us. The contract specifies fixed salary and the benefits that will be given. Rewards are given to us for applied effort. She sometimes uses incentives to encourage us for greater productivity. MODULE 2 †¢ Answer any 2 learning activities on page 21. †¢ Submit 1 reading related to this module. Include your comments/ reaction and source. †¢ Submit requirements as instructed Leaning activities 1. Differentiate a leader from a manager; management from leadership? A leader is defined as one who guides or is in command or one in a position of influence or importance. A person who guides others toward a common goal to achieve the objectives set for certain purpose. Interested in risk-taking and exploring new ideas and relates to people personally in an intuitive and emphatic manner. A leader have no official appointment to a position in the organization while a manager is a person appointed officially to the position whose function is to plan, organize, lead and control. Manager is a person tasked with overseeing one or more employees or departments to ensure these employees or departments carry out assigned duties as required, relates to people according to their roles, has the power and authority to enforce decisions. Subject |Leader |Manager | |Essence |Change |Stability | |Focus |Leading people |Managing work | |Have |Followers |Subordinates | |Horizon |Long-term |Short-term | |Seeks |Vision |Objectives | |Approach |Sets direction |  Plans detail | |Decision Facilitates |Makes | |Power |Personal charisma |Formal authority | |Appeal to |Heart |Head | |Energy |Passion |Control | |Culture |Shapes |Enacts | |Dynamic |Proactive |Reactive | |Pe rsuasion |Sell |Tell | |Style |Transformational |Transactional | |Exchange |Excitement for work |Money for work | |Likes |Striving |Action | |Wants |Achievement |Results | |Risk |Takes |Minimizes | |Rules |Breaks |Makes | |Conflict |Uses |Avoids | |Direction |New roads |Existing roads | |Truth |Seeks |Establishes | |Concern |What is right |Being right | |Credit |Gives |Takes | |Blame |Takes |Blames | Management controls or directs people/resources in a group according to principles or values that have already been established, the process of obtaining, organizing resources and of achieving objectives through other people while leadership is setting a new direction or vision for a group that they follow. It’s a process of empowering people through persuasion and one of the function of management. Leadership is â€Å" the process of social influence in which one person can enlist the aid and support of others in the accomplishment of a common task. † 2. Observe a nurse manager in your workplace and note the different management activities she performs identified by Tappen. As I observed our nurse manager in our workplace I noticed that she does the following activities of the effective manager as noted by Tappen: 1. Assumes leadership of the group. 2. Actively engages in planning the current and future work of the group. 3. Provides direction to staff members regarding the way the work is to be done. 4. Monitors the work done by staff member to maintain quality and productivity. 5. Recognizes and rewards quality and productivity Our nurse manager perform the following 5 ( leadership, planning, directing, monitoring and recognition ) out of 7 components of effective management by Tappen. I was not able to observe the other 2 components; a. fostering the development of every staff member b. ) represents both administration and staff members needed in discussions and negotiations with others. Submit 1 reading related to this module. Include your comments/ reaction and source. The 7 Habits of Highly Effective People is a popular book, published by Simon S chuster, and written by Stephen R Covey. It provides a useful, sequential framework for understanding much about the process of Personal Development. Many highly successful people seem to have naturally developed these principles of effectiveness. Stephen Covey’s principled approach is not a quick-fix prescription for personal growth. But, says Covey, if you work hard at acquiring these principles, if you learn them well, think about them deeply and teach them to others, they will eventually become internalized. They will lead to fundamental change because they will affect who you are – your character – for the better. Your personality was formed as the result of specific behaviors you internalized as you grew up. These behaviors are not things we need to think about, they represent little success strategies or ways of coping with life that we have found to be helpful. If you take a look at what Seneca said about human character, you will see how acquiring new habits leads to a fundamental change of character. Sow a thought, reap an action Sow action, reap a habit Sow a habit, reap a character Sow a character, reap a destiny. – Seneca [pic] Stephen Covey Stephen Covey was born in 1932. He lives with his wife, Sandra, and their family in Utah; in the Rocky Mountains. Covey achieved international acclaim, and is perhaps best known, for his self-help book The 7 Habits of Highly Effective People which was first published by Simon ; Schuster in 1989 and has sold around 12 million copies word-wide. Covey has a Harvard MBA and has spent most of his career at Brigham Young University, where he was professor of organizational behavior and business management. In addition to his MBA, he also has a doctorate which he completed whilst at Brigham Young University. Dr. Stephen R Covey has received the Thomas More College Medallion for continuing service to humanity and has additionally been awarded four honorary doctorate degrees. Covey is also a co-founder of the Franklin-Covey organization, which specializes in the application of Covey’s principle-centered approach to leadership and management. He is widely acknowledged as one of the world’s leading authorities on the subject of time-management. Thousands of organizations across the world, including many of the Fortune 500 companies, have adopted his innovative techniques on leadership, teamwork, and customer-focused service. His best-selling book on time-management, First Things First, co-authored with A. Roger ; Rebecca R. Merrill, according to Simon ; Schuster is the best-selling time management book ever. The seven principles he presents in the 7 Habits are not original thoughts – he does not claim to have originated the ideas but simply to have found a framework and a language for articulating the time-less principles embedded into the seven habits. The 7 habits are to be found, he says, in all the major world religions. He believes the principles themselves to be ‘self-evident’, that is, ‘you cannot really argue against them’. His view is that all highly effective people, and enduringly effective organizations, have utilized the 7 habits, to a greater or lesser extent, to sustain their success. Covey says that the 7 habits are ‘common knowledge’ but, he adds, are not necessarily ‘common practice’. In fact, it could be argued that the habits actually run counter to basic human nature. By our nature, we are reactive creatures and we are inclined to act mainly out of self-interest. But we are also as human beings capable of much higher thoughts and actions and by working hard to internalize the 7 habits we are able to develop a proactive attitude. By so doing, we can take charge of our own destinies and we are capable of exerting influence on other people for the collective good. Summary Stephen Covey is an excellent speaker and so his audio books, in addition to his written books, are well worth obtaining. A full list of relevant resources appears at the foot of this page. In this section, however, we examine what Stephen Covey says about his work. Here are a number of brief quotations which are taken directly from the book which provide a useful summary. Be Proactive â€Å"Taking initiative does not mean being pushy, obnoxious, or aggressive. It does mean recognizing our responsibility to make things happen. † Begin With the End in Mind â€Å"(This habit)†¦ is based on imagination — the ability to envision, to see the potential, to create with our minds what we cannot at present see with our eyes†¦ † Put First Things First â€Å"Create a clear, mutual understanding of what needs to be accomplished, focusing on what, not how; results not methods. Spend time. Be patient. Visualize the desired result. † Think Win-Win Win-Win is a frame of mind that constantly seeks mutual benefit in all human interactions. Win-Win means that agreements or solutions are mutually beneficial and satisfying. † Seek First to Understand, Then be Understood â€Å"‘Seek First to Understand’ involv es a very deep shift in paradigm. We typically seek first to be understood. Most people do not listen with the intent to understand; they listen with the intent to reply. They’re either speaking or preparing to speak. They’re filtering everything through their own paradigms, reading their autobiography into other people’s lives. † Synergize (Synergise) â€Å"Synergy works; it’s a correct principle. It is the crowning achievement of all the previous habits. It is effectiveness in an interdependent reality – it is teamwork, team building, the development of unity and creativity with other human beings. † Sharpen the Saw â€Å"This is the habit of renewal†¦ It circles and embodies all the other habits. It is the habit of continuous improvement†¦ that lifts you to new levels of understanding and living each of the habits. † COMMENTS/REACTION: Each chapter is dedicated to one of the habits The First Three Habits surround moving from dependence to independence †¢ Habit 1: Be Proactive Take initiative in life by realizing your decisions are the primary determining factor of what kind of life you will have in the future. We are responsible for all the choices we desire and the consequences implied on it †¢ Habit 2: Begin with the End in Mind Self-discover and clarify our deeply important character values and life goals. †¢ Habit 3: Put First Things First Doing task based on importance rather than urgency. The Next Three have something to do with working with others (Interdependence) †¢ Habit 4: Think Win-Win Genuinely striving for mutually beneficial solutions or agreements in our relationships. Valuing and respecting people by understanding a â€Å"win† for all is ultimately a better long-term resolution than if only one person in the situation had gotten his way. Habit 5: Seek First to Understand, then to be Understood Using empathetic listening to be genuinely influenced by a person, which compels them to reciprocate the listening, take an open mind to being influenced by you, which creates an atmosphere of caring, respect, and positive problem solving. †¢ Habit 6: Syner gize Combining the strengths of people through positive teamwork, so as to achieve goals no one person could have done alone. The Last habit relates to self-rejuvenation; †¢ Habit 7: Sharpen the Saw The balancing and renewal of your attitude, principles, beliefs and practices to create a sustainable long-term effective lifestyle. There is a gap between stimulus and response, and the key to both our growth and happiness is how we use that space. The ability to use wisely the gap between stimulus and response, to exercise the unique endowments of our human nature, empowers us from the inside out. To achieve unity with ourselves, our loved ones, our friends, and our working associates, is the highest, best, and most delicious fruit of the Seven Habits. Building a character of total integrity and living the life of love and service that creates such unity isn’t easy. If we start with the daily private victory and work from the inside out, results will surely come. SOURCE: http://www. whitedovebooks. co. uk/7-habits/summary. htm MODULE 3 : †¢ Answer any 2 learning activities on page 31. 1. Analyze the different phases of planning. The first phase of planning according to Tappen is DEVELOPING THE PLAN. The first step in developing the plan is to establish its purpose. The purpose should be clear to avoid confusion and may be stated in broad terms until a broad thorough assessment of the situation is done. The second step is analyzing the situation which includes problem verification, identifying situational variables and the anticipated response to change. Formulating objectives is the third step. Objectives are formulated when the problems are already assessed. The objectives should be written as measurable outcomes so that they can later serve as guidelines for evaluation. The fourth step is generating alternative solutions. The last step in developing the plan is analyzing alternatives and selecting course of action. The second phase of planning is PRESENTING THE PLAN. Plans for projects are usually presented to administration or management for approval. The plan must be presented in an organized manner, delivery of the presentation must be done convincingly and professionally, planner needs to be persuasive, concise and direct to the point in order to obtain approval and acceptance by administrators IMPLEMENTATION AND MONITORING is the third phase (last phase) of planning. It includes the following steps: Organizing the implementation of a plan includes; 1. Identifying and arranging activities according to sequence 2. Setting target dates for completing each activity 3. Assignment of responsibilities to particular individuals and 4. The allocation of resources Techniques have been developed to organize and monitor implementation of proposed plans such as Schedules which is easy to make and use, Gantt charts which is a highly developed schedule that specifies in detail the task to be performed and the time they are expected to be completes, program evaluation and review technique (PERT) graphically illustrates the sequence of events and their interrelationships using circles for events and arrows for activities and the critical path method (CPM) that’s very similar to PERT of which one can have a realistic estimate of when the project can be completed. 2. Differentiate strategic planning from operational planning. Give example of each. Strategic planning and operational planning involve two different types of thinking. Strategic decisions are fundamental and directional. Operational decisions, on the other hand, primarily affect the day-to-day implementation of strategic decisions. While strategic decisions usually have longer-term i mplications, operational decisions usually have immediate (less than one year) implications. Strategic Planning is defined as continuous, systematic process of making risk-taking decisions today with greatest possible knowledge of their effects in the future. Views future as unpredictable, planning as a continuous process, expects new trends, surprises and changes. It considers a range of possible futures emphasizes strategy development based on assessment of the organization’s internal (strength and weaknesses) and external (opportunities and threats) environment. In strategic planning one of the keys example is something called SWOT. SWOT stands for strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. Everyone in the strategic planning group makes up a list of the company’s SWOTs. This gives the company/organization a picture as to where the weaknesses and strengths lie and what opportunities and threats face them. This helps with planning in several ways. First by knowing their strengths they can work to enhance them. The weaknesses can be ignored, but a way of managing or lessening their impact can be developed. Opportunities are analyzed and the best ones chosen. Finally threats: the economy, government regulations and competition are addressed. Strategic Planning ask this question: â€Å"Based on our current understanding of environment, are we doing the right thing? How can we best use our resources to achieve our mission? † [pic]EXAMPLE OF STRATEGIC PLANNING while Operational Planning views future as something that needs to be implemented now. Focuses on setting short-term (less than one year) objectives and assumes much more detailed planning regarding who and how activities will be accomplished Operational planning ask this question: â€Å"What do we need to be doing for the upcoming year/immediately to best accomplish our mission. † EXAMPLE OF OPERATIONAL PLANNING Operational Plan Terra Engineering The following section will identify the proposed operational plan for Terra Engineering. Included are the general operating procedures, human resources, insurance, and working capital requirements of the business. Also included is a table outlining the office space requirements, asset acquisition and an outline of Terra Engineering’s operational workflow. General Operating Hours Terra Engineering intends to operate Monday thru Friday from 9 am to 5 pm. Terra Engineering will be operational year round. Human Resources Mr. Johnson and Mr. Smith will be the sole employees of Terra Engineering for the first two years of operation. When additional human resources are needed, Terra Engineering has identified the persons qualified and able to assist on a contract basis for the same rate as the owner. They include: Mr. Wes Aaron, and environmental engineering technician will be sub-contracted to complete work as needed. It is estimated that Mr. Aaron will eventually be hired full time by Terra Engineering once demand warrants growth. Mrs. Leanne White holds a Masters in Environmental Engineering and will also be sub-contracted to perform work for the company. Eventually, Terra Engineering intends to hire Mrs. White full time. Mr. Charles Pearson holds a Bachelors of Science Degree in Environmental Engineering and has a vast technical experience base in the environmental assessment area and will be retained when needed. Once the business reaches 60% of its operational capacity this will represent 1300 hours, Terra Engineering will offer the above environmental professionals full time positions. Also at this time, an administrative assistant will be sought. A professional user of Auto Cad will be sought to perform various jobs for the company. It is unknown at this time who will fill this position, however, job advertisements will be put in the local papers and organizations to attract a good pool of respondents. Once hired, all employees will be covered by the Workers Safety and Insurance Board and covered for Employment Benefits. Insurance Requirements Terra Engineering will have to incur costs for business liability insurance. The estimated cost for this requirement is $4,000 per year. Operating Capital Requirements Due to the demands imposed at start up, Terra Engineering will require that the business have sufficient working capital to meet all operational responsibilities of the business for the first three months. It is estimated that the business will need approximately $20,000 in working capital to sustain and ensure the business meets all opening and on-going financial obligations. Also, throughout the year there tends to be periods of low activities. Consequently, the company will experience financial pressures during these months. While much of this time will be spent developing proposals and marketing strategies, there will be a need to maintain sufficient working capital to cover these periods. A long term strategy to maintain a positive cash flow during these periods will be to diversify the company and develop environmental training programs for certain communities. These training programs will be given during these months. Office Requirements and Asset Acquisitions Terra Engineering will lease office space on located at: 459 Duncan Avenue, Suite 1003 Detroit, Michigan The office space is leased and will accommodate the necessary office equipment such as computers, fax machine, photo copier, and other engineering equipment. This facility will require an estimated $5,000 to renovate in a style that is aesthetically pleasing to the clients as well as the owners. These facilities will be leased at $500 per month. In addition, Terra Engineering will require specialized environmental equipment. These are the estimated costs associated with those investments: Office Renovations $5,000 Office Equipment and Furniture $6,000 Specialized Field Equipment $27,000 Specialized Software $10,000 Total Capital Costs $48,000 The above noted capital purchases will increase work effectiveness, enhance professionalism and will prepare the business for the forecasted demand for services. Further, the equipment may be leased out to partner associates during times of low activity. Operational Workflow As with any consulting firm, the operational workflow for the business is quite uniform and simple to follow. The following is a step by step outline of how contracts are completed on a regular basis: Step 1 Terra Engineering will respond to a request for proposal (RFP) with a professionally prepared proposal for service; Step 2 At this point, the potential contract is awarded to either Terra Engineering or other companies which submitted proposals for services. Therefore, communication is made by the contract to the successful consulting firm. If Terra Engineering is successfully selected to perform the work, the contract is then triggered to begin; Step 3 Terra Engineering will collect a deposit from the client and will begin the project. Deposit values vary depending upon the size and location of the project; Step 4 Terra Engineering will go ahead and start the project while keeping communication with the client. Once the project reaches 60% – 70% completion, funds will be given to the business by the client to complete the rest of the work; Step 5 Once the work is completed to the satisfaction of both, Terra Engineering and the client, the final payment for the contract will be made. The above operational workflow is very standard, easy to understand and within industry’s norm. Terra Engineering will accept cash, cheque and visa payments. These payments are well within industry standards. The business will provide credit to larger account holders. It is estimated that the length and terms of payments are net 30 for all clients. This will allow the business to avoid cash flow problems. Late payment charges are 2% of the projects outstanding balance. †¢ Get a sample copy of different types of planning and give your analysis as to their contents. A Tactical Plan Here is what a tactical plan might look like. Note how we begin by showing how the tactical plan relates to the Marketing plan. It is the tactics that will execute that strategy. Too often, firms do not have a proper marketing plan and instead go directly to tactics. [pic] New Product Plans Our strategy assumes that we will launch new products throughout the year to maintain our image of leadership in the meal solutions market. Our marketing strategy is to provide consumers with tasty, nutritious, quick-to-prepare meals. Objectives: We will launch four new products over the plan year, each of which will: 1. Score an average of 7. 5 or more in consumer taste panels (10 = excellent taste, 1 = very unappetizing) with three test groups. 2. Include two vegetables and one meat or meat substitute item. 3. Contain no more than 450 calories per serving. 4. Require no more than six minutes per serving microwave cooking time. Procedure: Lab staff will develop meal solutions which meet the above criteria such that one new product is ready to market every three months. Only products which meet the last three criteria should be taste tested. At least one of the new items must be meatless, but no more than two should be. Controls: Lab staff are to submit monthly progress reports to the marketing manager indicating the number of items under development and data on all four criteria, as available, for each item. The key goal is that there must be four marketable items by the end of the plan year. How to cite Administrative Process in Nursing, Essays